Metrics · Category
Income statement metrics explained
Sales, gross profit, net profit (PAT), and related lines beginners meet on Pakistan company books.
3
Guides in this category
Beginner path
Start at the top (revenue / sales), then ask what is left after direct costs (gr…
Educational only
Not buy/sell tips
How beginners read this on PSX
Start at the top (revenue / sales), then ask what is left after direct costs (gross), after running the business (operating), and after interest and tax (PAT). One strong quarter is homework, not a tip.
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Guides in this category
Revenue explained (sales / turnover)
Revenue (also called sales or turnover) is the top line of the income statement - money reported from selling goods or services before direct costs, operating expenses, interest, and tax.
Read guide →Gross profit explained (PSX)
Gross profit is roughly sales (revenue) minus the direct cost of making or buying what was sold. It sits above operating expenses on many income statements.
Read guide →Net profit explained
Net profit (often PAT - profit after tax) is the bottom-line accounting profit for the period after expenses, interest, and tax (as presented in that filing).
Work this formula →
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Common questions
What income statement metrics are covered here?
Sales, gross profit, net profit (PAT), and related lines beginners meet on Pakistan company books. Open a guide below, then see the same idea on a company desk when books are stored.
Is this investment advice?
No. These pages explain what numbers mean so you can read a PSX company desk. We do not tell you what to buy or sell.
How should a beginner read income statement on PSX?
Start at the top (revenue / sales), then ask what is left after direct costs (gross), after running the business (operating), and after interest and tax (PAT). One strong quarter is homework, not a tip.
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